Honestymaywellbethepolicybutitoftendesertsuswhennooneiswatchingpsychologistsreporttoday.Experimentswithanhonestyboxtocollectpaymentsforhotdrinksshowthatpeoplearebetteratpayingupwhenunderthegaze(注视)ofapairofeyes.Thesurprisewasthattheeyeswerenotrealbutphotographed.
ResearchersatNewcastleUniversitysetuptheexperimentinsecret.Theyattachedapostertoacupboardofmugsabovean-honestyboxalongsideakettlewithteacoffeeandmilk.Over10weekstheyalternatedeachweekbetweenimagesofeyesandpicturesofflowers.
Dr.Batesonabehavioralbiologistandleaderofthestudysaidthateventhoughtheeyeswerenotrealtheystillseemedtomakepeoplebehavemorehonestly.Theyeffectmayarisefrombehavioralcharacteristicsthatdevelopedasearlyhumansformedsocialgroupsthatincreasedtheirchancesofsurvival.Individualshadtoco-operateforthegoodofthegroupratherthanactselfishly.
"Ifnobodyiswatchingusitisinourintereststobehaveselfishly.Butwhenwethinkwe'rebeingwatchedweshouldbehavebettersopeopleseeusasco-operativeandbehavethesamewaytowardsus"Dr.Batesonsaid.
"Wethoughtwe'dgetaslighteffectwitheyesbutitwasquitestrikinghowmuchdifferencetheymade.Evenatasubconscious(潜意识的)levelitseemspeoplerespondtoeyesandthatmightbebecauseeyessendastrongbiologicalsignalwehaveevolved(进化)torespondto."
Thefindingwhichresearchersbelieveshedslightonourevolutionarypastcouldbeturnedtopracticaluse.Thepsychologistssayimagesofeyescouldpromoteticketsalesonpublictransportandimprovemonitorsystemstopreventantisocialbehavior.
1.Thispassageismainlyabout_______________.
A.thepolicyofhonesty
B.anhonestyboxtocollectmoney
C.evolutiononhonesty
D.anexperimentonhonesty
2.Thereasonfordoingtheexperimentsecretlyisthattheresearchers_____________.
A.wantedtogetacomparativelymoreexactresult
B.hadknowntheywantedtodosomethingillegally
C.meanttogettheco-operationoftheircolleagues
D.intendedtosellthehotdrinksatahigherprice
3.People
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